What are ballistic missiles and vocal hyperactivity?
On June 13, Israel attacked Iranian nuclear sites that killed a number of prominent military leaders and nuclear scientists. Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu said that "the most important system facilities for uranium enrichment have been eliminated, and a large part of his ballistic missile arsenal." Hours after the Israeli attack, Iran responded by targeting "dozens of targets, bases and military infrastructure" in Israel.
This escalation between the two sides is not the first. On October 1, 2024, Iran launched about 200 missiles towards Israel. Iranian media said that the Revolutionary Guard was used in the attack for the first time, sound missiles, along with ballistic missiles.
Months of the same year, Iran launched the "sincere promise" operation against Israel, which came in response to the bombing of the latter of the Iranian consulate in Damascus in early April 2024, and was killed by leaders of the Iranian Revolutionary Guard, including the leader of the Quds Force, Muhammad Reda Zahdi.
What are the vocal hyper missiles? What are ballistic missiles?
Pastillers: carefully calculated spear throw
The launch of the ballistic missiles is very similar to throwing the spear. When the spear throws the spear, he pushes it with an angle with the top and leaving it. The spear continues to rush thanks to the primary force that he gained from the hand of the Rami, and goes to the top until the force of gravity overcomes the power of payment, so the spear is reached to the highest possible height, before returning to the slope gradually towards the ground, until its goal is, so its path in the air is more like a curved bow that resembles the equivalent pieces, which is called the Paltisi path.
The most finished reading
Hence the name of the ballistic missiles, according to the "Myriam Webster" dictionary, means the word "ballistic" in English "projectile", a word that describes the behavior of bodies when it goes in the same way that the projectiles go, such as spear, stone, artillery, or others; All of these projectiles share their receipt of a payment force when they are launched only, then they are proceeding with an impact from their rush, gravity strength and air resistance, without obtaining an additional payment or direction while flying in its path that follows the arc shape "the ballistic path", just like the spear that receives the force of his payment only from the hand of the archer, and does not receive any additional payment while flying in the air.
According to the "Nuclear Threat Initiative" organization, ballistic missiles receive their first motivation from their missile engines only when they start, and these engines may be one driver, or several engines working on more than one stage.
After the fuel runs out and the engines stop, the missiles continue to climb thanks to the power of payment that they gained upon launch, then it reaches the highest possible point where the gravity returns to overcome the power of payment, so the missile returns to the ground gradually, and walks with a arc path to its goal.
How much is the range of ballistic missiles?
The ballistic missiles can reach a large range thanks to their arc track, as they cover the distance from launch until reaching the highest point, then cover the distance from that point to return to the ground. According to the "Association of Weapons Limiting", ballistic missiles are classified based on their range to four categories:
Short -range missiles: The maximum range is 1000 km.
Medium range missiles: between 1000 and 3,500 km.
Missiles above - medium -range: their range is between 3,500 and 5,500 km.
Long -range or Intercontinental missiles: their range is more than 5,500 km.
Is it true that ballistic missiles leave the atmosphere?
We addressed this question to the visiting researcher for defense and military analysis affairs at the International Institute for Strategic Studies, Sasha Broukhman, who answered that some ballistic missiles, not all of them leave the atmosphere, as "this depends on the range of missiles, and the more the target you want to hit, you must slaughter the missile to a higher height", short -range missiles usually do not leave the atmosphere, the missiles are moderate and long. Mostly, it leaves it, while the transit missiles are almost certainly going outside the atmosphere.
How is the ballistic missile launched?
According to the documents of the US Department of Defense, the ballistic missile is launched in three stages:
The initial stage: from the moment the missile was launched until its engines stopped and the missile completed its course without additional payment force. This stage lasts from three to five minutes, and it occurs mostly inside the atmosphere.
The middle stage: It begins when the engines stop, then the missile continues to rush towards the highest point in its path, and then begins to decline towards the ground. This stage takes time the longest between the three stages. In the intercontinental rockets, for example, this stage can take about 20 minutes.
المرحلة النهائية: تبدأ هذه المرحلة عند انفصال الرأس المتفجر عن الصاروخ وعودته إلى الغلاف الجوي باتجاه هدفه. This stage lasts for a short time that may not exceed one minute.
Are ballistic missiles faster than sound?
The speed of sound in the air changes according to its temperature and other factors, and according to the "British Encyclopedia", its speed in dry air is at a temperature of 32 ° C about 331 meters per second.
According to the National Air Navigation and Space Administration "NASA", bodies can be classified according to the speed of their march in three groups:
Bodies without speed of sound: they are going at a speed less than the speed of sound.
Bodies faster than sound: they are going at a speed that exceeds the speed of sound, but less than five times its speed.
Overlooking bodies: They are bodies that go at a speed exceeding five times the speed of sound.
According to Brosman, the speed of ballistic missiles depends on the type of missile and the launch stage. During the initial stage, the missile runs relatively "slow" speed, during the middle stage, especially outside the atmosphere.
"The speed of the missile returns to the ground depends on the thermal shield that protects the military head from the high temperature when it returns, and the technology used here has its limits." The more "the warhead and the materials used are better to protect it, the more the temperature he can tolerate and thus the greater the speed in which he can return to the ground" and the greater the speed in which he returns to the ground, the more difficult it is difficult. In general, "Most of the ballistic missiles have a speed of thousands of kilometers per hour when they hit the target."
Does the entire missile return to the ground?
What is from the missile is a small part of it known as the "return vehicle", and this vehicle contains the warhead and the router "if it is found", Broukhman says that "large missiles like a continent, may have three stages of missile payment, which means that it will be thrown during its path three reinforcements or rocket engines."
Why are rockets glowing in the sky?
During the recent Iranian missile strike, social media users circulated videos showing glowing missiles in the sky moving towards their targets, we asked the military analyst Sasha Broukhman to explain these observations, and his response was: This glow occurs as a result of "heating the compressed air" when the warhead returns to the missile to the atmosphere. Just as it happens when the space shuttle enter the atmosphere, or during the return of the "SpaceX" missiles.
Audio missile: dodging, not just speed
If the ballistic missile is going at a tremendous speed exceeding five times the speed of sound, then what is new in the vocal missile?
Flying at a speed of vocal hyper is not a new thing, as an "vocal hyper" adjective can be launched on any weapon that moves at a speed exceeding 5 times the speed of sound, and ballistic missiles usually fly at some stages of launch so quickly.
According to the American Center for the Control of Weapons and Reducing their spread, the fundamental difference between ballistic missiles and hyper -vocal missiles is the latter's ability to maneuver, dodging air defenses and flying in a directed manner during their entry into the atmosphere at large speeds, without being bound by the arc path of projectiles. This is unlike the ballistic missile that lacks maneuvering and guidance as soon as its fuel runs out and returns to the ground towards its goal, so it depends only on the physical forces such as gravity to complete its arc path.
Defense and military analyst, Sasha Broukhman, believes that any weapon must achieve two basic advantages in order to gain the characteristic of "sound hyper: speed and the ability to maneuver." In the last stage of the vocal missile, a part is separated from the sliding return vehicle, and is designed to return to the atmosphere at a speed exceeding five times the speed of sound, and at the same time it is maneuvering and changing its course in this speed.
In the case of ballistic missiles, Burokhman says that "its path is calculated if it is monitored on the radar. It runs the same physical laws that the stone goes when it throws it from your hand, but with the addition of some complications related to its departure and then returning to the atmosphere, and computers and algorithms can calculate all of this, and therefore there is a possibility to intercept the ballistic missiles. Ukraine and Israel, technology related to its interception has evolved. ”
In the case of vocal hyperactivity missiles, Bruzman says that the vocal hyperholotherapy vehicles add the idea that "you can maneuver with the war head, so that you can avoid radars and make your paths less predictable."
Cruise missiles: shy birds
Cruise missiles or "mobile missiles" fly at a low altitude that may reach only a few meters above the surface of the Earth, and this gains an advantage in terms of difficulty monitoring, according to the "Nuclear Threat Initiative" organization.
Unlike ballistic missiles, cruise missiles are usually flying relatively slow and less than the speed of sound.
Cruise missiles depend on the power of pushing their engines throughout its journey, usually dependent on a jet engine similar to aircraft engines.
Cruise missile does not follow the arcist pathway to direct itself, but it depends on technological advanced systems, such as terrain planning systems, GPS, and movement sensors in order to keep the missile on a pre -programmed path. As Cruise missiles approach their target, operators can use a camera installed at the front of the missile to see what it sees. This gives them the option to hand the missile manually to its goal or to cancel the strike.
Are there sound cruise missiles?
We asked this question to Broukhman, and he replied: “Most cruise missiles fly at a speed ranging from 800 and 900 km per hour, that is, at the same speed of civil aircraft. There are models of cruise missiles flying above the speed of sound. Twenty years ago, India and Russia together developed a“ Brahamus ”missile, and it is possible that it was able to reach a speed of two times twice the speed of sound.
"Cruise missiles are still under development, and I do not know with certainty whether a country can develop, test and spread in the field. The United States has conducted a few tests, but it is not satisfied with the results yet. Russia says that it has a vocal cruise missile called" Zerkon ", and Iran also says that it has" Fattah 2 ", but I do not believe the validity of these allegations."
ليست هناك تعليقات:
إرسال تعليق