melanoma

 

• Skin cancer is defined as an abnormal growth of skin cells and often occurs when the skin is exposed to harmful sunlight, but skin cancer can occur in various areas of the body, which may not usually expose sunlight such as the genital area and buttocks.
• melanoma

There are three main types of skin cancer

• Skin cancer type
• Place of injury
• Signs of appearance
• 1. Bedouin cell cancer
• It usually occurs in areas exposed to the sun of the body such as the ear, face or scalp.
• Pearl or wax swelling.
• Surface ulcers from brown to brown.
• 2. Cancer of the scouting cells
• It occurs in areas exposed to the sun of the body, such as the face, ears, lips, and hands.
• A solid red contract.
• Classes, superficial.
• 3. Skin cancer melanoma
• It appears anywhere on the body. It often appears on the head, trunk, neck and in the woman under the legs.
• Large brown and dark brown spots. Nazis change in color, size, texture and often bleed.
• Small ulcers are irregular, red, white and blue.
• Dark ulcers in the palm of the hand, the soles of the foot, or the lining of the mouth, nose or vagina.
• 4. Other rare types, such as: Capozi Sarkoma
• It develops in the blood vessels in the skin and occurs in people with AIDS or who take medications to inhibit immunity when planting organs.
• It causes red or purple spots on the skin or mucous membranes.

Symptoms and signs

• Skin cancer develops primarily on the sun's areas exposed to the sun, including the scalp, face, lips, ears, neck, arms, chest, hands, and on the legs in women. But it can affect the skin areas that rarely see daylight (such as the palm of the hand, under the nails, the distances between the toes and the nails of the foot, and the genital area).
• Skin cancer affects all skin colors, including dark skin. And when skin cancer occurs in dark -skinned people, it is more likely to occur in areas that are not exposed to sunlight.

Causes

• Skin cancer occurs as a result of a mutation in DNA DNA for healthy skin cells. Mutations cause cell growth outside the scope of control and then a mass of cancer cells is formed.

Skin cancer begins in the dermis layer, which is the delicate layer that provides the protective cap for the skin cells in your body. And the dermis layer contains three main types of cells

• Harfist cells: only found below the outer surface of the skin, and act as an interior skin.
• Base cells: responsible for the production of new skin cells, located under the scouting cells.
• Melanocytes: produce melanin dye, which gives the skin its natural color. The secretion of melanin is increased when the skin is exposed to the sun for the purpose of protecting the deep layers of the skin.

UV rays and other possible causes that may cause skin cancer

• Many damages to DNA in the skin cells are caused by exposure to UV rays present in sunlight or found in commercial lamps that are used to fattening the skin. There are also other factors that may contribute to the risk of developing skin cancer, such as exposure to toxic substances such as arsenic or the presence of weakness in the immune system.

Risk factors

Factors that may increase the risk of skin cancer and include

• Excessive sun exposure: Any person spends a long time in the sun may develop skin cancer, especially if his skin is not protected from sunlight with protective clothes or the use of sunscreen.
• Age: The risk of skin cancer increases with age, because skin cancer is evolving slowly and may occur during childhood or adolescence and become clear in middle age.
• Skin color: Anyone of any color can develop skin cancer. Also, the lack of melanin in the skin reduces the protection of harmful ultraviolet rays. If a person is light in color and hair, he is more likely than others to easily burns the sun, and then he is more likely to develop skin cancer, God forbid than a person with dark skin.
• The presence of a prior history of sunburn every time you suffer from sunburn: damage to the skin cells occurs and increases the risk of developing your skin cancer. Often after sunburn, the body works to repair the damaged cells, but the large number of sunburn in the child or teenager may increase the risk of skin cancer in adulthood.
• Delivery of the skin by exposure to lamps or tanning bed for the purpose of cosmetics may endanger the risk of skin cancer. This is due to the exposure of the skin to excessive violet rays for the purpose of film the skin.
• The atmosphere and hot climates. People who live in sunny and warm climates are more likely to develop skin cancer than people who live in cold climates because they are exposed to a high level of radiation.
• Moles. People who have a lot of moles or abnormal moles are more likely to develop skin cancer, God forbid.
• Cancer skin lesions. The presence of skin lesions that can increase the risk of skin cancer. They are cancerous skin appendages and usually appear in the form of scaly spots, ranging in color from brown to dark pink. It is more common on the face, below the arms and hands in white people with sunburn.
• Family history of skin cancer. If one of the parents or brotherhood has skin cancer, this may increase the risk of skin cancer.
• Personal history of skin cancer. If you have previously had skin cancer, the risk of repeating the infection again is possible.
• Weak immune system. People with weakening of the immune system are more likely to develop skin cancer than others and this includes people with HIV (AIDS) or leukemia or who take the drug -inhibitory drugs (when transplanted by organs or people who have undergone surgeries).
• Exposure to some toxic substances. Like arsenic, the risk of skin cancer may increase.

Diagnosis of skin cancer

• The doctor examines the skin to determine any abnormal changes.
• Skin biopsy: It takes a sample of suspicious skin to determine whether or not there is skin cancer, and if this is the case, what is the type of skin cancer and the doctor may request additional tests to determine the range, or the stage of skin cancer.

Generally, skin cancer is divided into two phases

• Topical. At this stage, cancer only affects the skin.
• My move or spread. At this stage, cancer is spread outside the skin.
• Note: Determining the stage of skin cancer helps to determine the appropriate therapeutic options that are more effective.

Tag

Skin cancer depends on the size, type, depth and location of the cancer and may include the following

• Freezing. At the beginning of skin cancer, it can be destroyed by freezing with liquid nitrogen.
• Surgery. This type of treatment may be suitable for any type of skin cancer.
• Laser therapy. This treatment is used to treat surface skin cancer.
• Mousse surgery. This procedure is for large, or repeated skin cancer, which is difficult to treat, which includes both basal and healing cell cancer where the doctor removes a layer after another, and studies each layer under a microscope, so that the anomalous cells do not remain. This procedure allows the removal of cancer cells without taking an overdose of the surrounding healthy skin.
• Electrical scraping and drying. The electric needle is used to destroy any remaining cancerous cells. This procedure is common in treating small cancer or basal cells.
• Radiotherapy. Radiation can be used in cases that are not suitable for surgery.
• Chemotherapy. In chemotherapy, drugs are used to kill cancer cells. Like creams and anti -cancer preparations. Chemotherapy can be used to treat skin cancers that have spread to other parts of the body.
• Photo therapy. This treatment destroys skin cancer cells in addition to the treatment of laser light and medications, which makes skin cancer cells sensitive.
• Biological treatment. It stimulates the immune system to kill cancer cells. It includes some antiviral and interlocks 2.

Prevention

Most skin cancers are preventable. To protect yourself from skin cancer, follow the following tips

• Make sure to sit in the shade and avoid direct exposure to sunlight during the middle of the day and in the peak times. Top of activities that are outside the home for other times of the day, and also noticed in the winter or when the sky is cloudy. As clouds do not provide sufficient protection from ultraviolet harmful rays.
• Wear sunscreen clothes throughout the year. And make sure to cover hands and feet and wear a hat
• The head wide edges and sunglasses that, God willing, protect from ultra -ultraviolet rays UVA and .uvb
• Choose a sunscreen that contains the sun's protection factor for at least 15 SPF. And painted with the exposed areas of the skin including the lips, the ear flint, and the back of the hands and neck. melanoma
• Avoid brushes and beds of the skin, as they allow harmful ultraviolet rays and exposure to skin cancer, God forbid.
• There are some medications that make your skin sensitive to sunlight such as antibiotics and some cholesterol medications, high blood pressure and diabetes medications and analgesic pain relievers (such as Adville, Motrin), so you should discuss the use of these medications with your doctor and know the precautions needed in case of need to be used.
• Seek your skin constantly and record changes that occur. I search for any new skin appendages or changes such as moles, bruises, bumps, freckles or mother -in -law. The face, neck, ears, head, chest and trunk, and the bottom of the arms and hands are well examined. Be sure to check the leg and foot from the front and back, including the soles of the foot and the spaces between the fingers. And also the genital area and the buttocks.
• Conducting a regular medical examination, especially if you have a prior date of the disease.
• Avoid the stresses of life and a feeling of depression, because depression weakens the immune system in general, which exposes you to the risk of skin cancer, God forbid.
• Take enough sleep and comfort and practice your hobbies.
• Refrain from smoking. There is a strong relationship between cancer and smoking.
• Proper nutrition: by choosing foods rich in fruits and vegetables and choosing whole grains such as oats, brown rice and crushed wheat.
• Exercise regularly for 30 minutes a day. It helps reduce the chance of cancer.
• Keep the ideal weight. Research has proven that there is a close relationship between obesity (weight gain) and cancer. The ideal weight can be reached with regular exercise and proper nutrition.
• How do you check your skin yourself?
• In exchange for the mirror, check your body from the front and back and on both sides, raising your hands.
• Tighten the elbows and look carefully at your arms and the armpits, and the palm of the hand.
• Carry the back of the legs and feet, and the distances between your toes, and the soles of the foot.
• Carry the back of the neck and head of the head using the mirror. Lift the hair to take a look below it.
• Finally, check your back and buttocks using a hand mirror.