What do we know about Gaza throughout the ages? And why was it described as "the daughter of generations"?
"One of the oldest cities that history has known. It is not the daughter of a century from the centuries, or the result of an age of the ages, but rather the girl of all the past generations, and the companion of all the past ages, from the day when history wrote its first sheets to this day."
With these words, the Palestinian Palestinian historian Aref Al -Arif spoke about Gaza City, in a book published in 1943, in which he collected a summary of what was reported about this coastal city in Arabic, English, French and Turkish literature.
In a book of the oldest published in 1907 by American Rabbi Martin Meyer on Gaza, American orientalist Richard Goetheyle described it in his introduction, saying that it is a "exciting city for those interested in history."
Goetheel explained its strategic importance, saying that it is "a meeting point for caravans that transported the goods of the southern Arabian Peninsula and the Far East to the Mediterranean, and the center of the distribution of these goods to Syria, Asia Minor and Europe, which is also the link between Palestine and Egypt."
Three cities with this name
Interestingly, that the "Dictionary of Countries" for the writer and traveler Yaqout al -Hamwi mentioned three towns known as this name in the region, the first "Arabian Peninsula" that "Al -Akhtal" spoke about in his poetry.
The most finished reading
The second is a country with "African", which is the old name of Tunisia, Al -Hamwi says that between it and Kairouan is a three -day march, which is descended by caravans heading to Algeria.
As for Gaza, the most famous throughout history, Al -Hamwi describes its position as "a city in Aqsa Al -Sham from the side of Egypt, which is from the areas of Palestine, west of Ashkelon."
Gaza's names throughout history
Since ancient times, the Arabs are called "Gaza", and in the Islamic era, "Gaza Hashem" was called by a reference to the grandfather of the Prophet of Islam, "Hashem bin Abdul Manaf", in which he died, in which he was born "Imam Al -Shafi’i", the founder of the famous Islamic doctrine, who said:
I miss the land of Gaza * and if you betray me after the dispersal
As for the Hebrew language, it is called "Azza" in the eye or with hamza instead of the gay.
Al -Arif says in his book "The History of Gaza" that the Canaanites were called "Hazati", while the ancient Egyptians called it "Gazato" or "Getato".
It was stated in the Greek lexicon that it was called through the ages with different names, including "Ioni", "Minoa" and "Qastandia", as the Crusaders called it "Gadrice"
Meaning of Gaza
The Caesarean Yosapius, who was called "the father of ecclesiastical history", said in the fourth century AD, that "Gaza" means pride, pride and strength. He joined him, according to "Al -Arif", Sir William Smith in the Old Testament dictionary that was issued in 1863.
The team attributed the reason for the many wars that took place in the city and around it, during which Gaza has withstood, which is the meaning that the Palestinian historian tends.
As for Safronius, the owner of the New Testament dictionary, which was issued in 1910, he says that "Gaza" is a Persian word that means the royal treasure, which is a meaning that does not move away much from those who say that "Gaza" is a Greek word that means wealth or treasury.
It is said that a king of the Persians was buried his wealth in it and missed it, then he returned to it and found it in its condition. It was said that this narration was repeated during the reign of the Romans.
In the Arabic dictionaries, it is said, "Gaza of so -and -so", meaning that he was specialized from among his companions, which is the meaning that Al -Hamwi mentioned in his dictionary while he was talking about Gaza City, and the "know" explains the meaning, saying that this means that those who built Gaza specialized it from among the other sites on the Mediterranean.
Yaqout al -Hamwi also mentioned that "Gaza" was the name of "Tire" wife, who built the city of Tire, which is currently in Lebanon.
Who built Gaza?
The English archaeologist Sir Fleminos Petri says that the old Gaza was established by BC three thousand years, above the hill known as "Tel Al -Atj", and that its inhabitants left it because of the malaria that swept it at that time.
Three miles away, its residents landed their journey and established the new Gaza on its current location. It is said that this happened during the Hyksos era who took control of this region two thousand years before the birth of Christ.
There are those who deny this narration and say that Gaza is still today in its old position, and that "Tel Al -Ajal" was the Gaza commercial port. There are those who said that the old Gaza was ruined by Alexander the Great, and that modern Gaza is not far from it, as Sir Petri said.
"Al -Arif" says in his book that "the two eyes" who are said to be the oldest Arab people who carried the banner of civilization in the first millennium BC, are the oldest than the city of Gaza, and they founded it as a center to carry their goods.
The importance of "Gaza" in the Arabs stems from the fact that it connects Egypt and India, so it was the best commercial road for them compared to navigation in the Red Sea, and from here, Gaza City was established and gained its historical fame.
The trade started from the southern Arab countries in Yemen, in which the country's trade and the trade of India were gathered, then it was walking north to Mecca and "Medina now" and Petra, before it was branched into two branches; One in Gaza is on the Mediterranean, and the second is on the Sahara Road to Tayma, Damascus and Diamond.
Hence, historians concluded that the Kingdom of a certain and the first Arab kingdoms that established Gaza City. The "Awawi" and the "Encouaqis" who are said to be the ancient Palestinians, and mentioned in the books of the Old Testament, were the first to settle Gaza, according to "Al -Arif".
The “Religions” also settled by the descendants of the Prophet Abraham, and “The Adumians”, which are Bedouin tribes that were inhabited by southern Jordan, and “Amorians” and “Al -Canaanites” who were in their origin.
Canaanites
The book "The History of Gaza" states that the Book of Genesis mentioned the city as one of the oldest cities in the world, which was inhabited by the Canaanite from the descendants of Ham bin Noah, and in another narration that it was existing when the Canaanites occupied it and took it from the Amorites.
The historian Ibn Khaldun stated on the authority of Ibn Jarir that the Canaanites are the outdated Arabs, and that they refer to their genealogy to the giants.
Some believe that the Canaanites came from the "Gulf of Ajam" currently known as the Arabian Gulf, and some said that they came from the Red Sea, and historians estimate that they lived in this region 5 thousand years ago.
Sir Petri believes that a large part of the city wall, whose remains were found were established during the era of the Canaanites, and that the prospectors did not find huge stones of this size after the Canaanites.
On the southern end of Tel Al -Atj, the ruins of the city of Canaanite were found apparently under the occupation of the Hyksos. Cemeteries were also found, some of which dating back to the Bronze Age, BC 4,000 years.
"Al -Arif" says that the Canaanites are "the first to know the cultivation of olives on this land, the fabric, pottery and mining industry, and invented the alphabet, and enacted the laws and laws, so the children of Israel took them a lot of their Sunnah, their laws, ideas and principles to their civilization."
Gaza has fallen through its ancient history under the control of the ancient Egyptians, Babylonians, Assyrians, Greece, Persians and Romans.
The Palestinian historian Aref Al -Arif described the history of Gaza as "glorious"; Because it “withstood the voids of time of all kinds, and the emergency of the two events in all its colors, so that there was no light left of the conquerors or a gas of the advanced and late invaders who were related to the East, except and its descending, either he had bought it, or it has been firm.”
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